
Class 
Book. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



ALLEY, 




AND 




Fromc 

Midland IJakes 



TO. 



Western Oce 




Valley, Plain and Peak 



'The earth was made so various 
That the mind of desultory men, 
Studious of change and pleased with variety. 
Might be indulged."— COWPER. 



SCENES ON THE LINE '^ 

OF THK 

'great northern railway. 



f 




^<i' 

1/"^ 



li'. 



St. Paul, Minn. 

Office of General Passenger and Ticket Agent. 

1894. 



Copyright, 1894. 

By F. I. WHITNEY, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

Great Northern Railway. 




=5=^ ^ 



'T^O MANY persons the country west of Chicago is 

still a hazy geographical proposition, and St. 
Paul and Minneapolis, those posts in the gateway to 
an empire, seem on the confines of civilization ; while 
to those less informed the words Minnesota, Mon- 
tana, Washington, which represent new and powerful 
States, may mean some new patent medicine or the 
name of a race-horse. 

It seems but yesterday that "Beyond the Missis- 
sippi " was a dimly known region, lying off tow^ard 
the sunset ; and to-day that the locomotive had just 
entered the vast solitude and scattered population 
and prosperity in its wake. 

The mission of this little work is to present a few 
impressions of the country beyond the Mississippi, as 
traversed by the Great Northern Railway for thou- 
sands of miles, in a belt of States pulsating with life 
and growing under the spur of steam and electricity. 




.>^ 



/V* CENTURY ago the Great Lakes possessed no 
Icsh Mir face than to-day. Their waves rolled 
up on sliorcs showi;ng" at rare intervals a settler's 
X' \ -^ cabin or a scattered villag-e. No 
VVc^^* craft save the frail canoe of the 
^ "ped man skimmed the white 
-Wr*:-r^^?^^-^=^^-=?^==--*— waves, and no 
sails mirrored themselves 
^^'^i^ in the bright waters. To- 
day, girdled by smart towns 
and splendid cities, with millions 
-'^^-.^£^... of people tributary, they bear 

'2^ ;W^t. . Upon their bosoms an enormous 

comijierce, and the prows of a thousand ships fret 
the waters day and night. S-teamships these days 
carry the tourist with almost railway speed. The 
magnificent " North West " and " North Land " of 
the Northern Steamship Company cut through 
twenty miles of water an hour between Buffalo, 
Cleveland, Detroit, and the "Zenith Cities of the 
Unsalted Seas" — Duluth and AVest Superior — there 
to connect with cars that hurry away to the western 
ocean to meet the ships of Alaska and Asia. 




HE ocean-like endlessness, majesty, and power 
of Lake Superior has gained it the deserved 

;; title of "Brother of the Sea," Its waters enter 
H^ron through the vSt. Marie River, in which 

Othe/i"^. is ii fall of eighteen feet, around w^hich is 
.^v'^-^r^ the canal and lock, known 
--=— : — ... ~~.,^-^ as Sault Ste. Marie, or 






Z^Soo Saint Mary," or to be brief, the 
-. J'Soo." This canal has the largest yearly 
tonnage of any in the world, its trade hav- 



>i\\';^^^^^.4'S ^^-^ been augmented by the freight business 
'l1\^t^^>i^yWof the Northern Steamship Company in 
'* i8'8^8,.a1id b}" passenger service in 1894 with the most 
modern specimens of marine architecture on either 
fresh or salted seas. In constructing the " North 
West " and " North Land " nothing was overlooked 
that the minds of masterful designers could conjure, 
with plenty of means to support them in working 
out magnificent results. 

These splendid steamships are each 386 feet long, 44 feet wide, 34 feet deep, 
and accommodate 544 first-class passengers, 214 second-class, and a crew 
of 144 persons. The furniture, carpets, draperies, china, glassware, linen, 
etc., are all of special design. Steam is furnished by twenty-eight non- 
explosive steel boilers, and two quadruple expansion engines work the 
screws which give the ship a speed of twenty miles an hour. The electric 
dynamos furnish light for 1,500 lamps and a 90,000 candle-power searchlight, 
and currents for ingenious electrical appliances to unite staterooms, cabins, 
and offices. The domestic and dining service equals those of the finest hotels. 



8 



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STEAMSHIP "NORTH WEST," ST. CLAIR FLATS. AND SAULT STE, MARIE LOCKS. 



1~^U LUHT was the way he spelled it in 1679, 

when, with his coiireurs dcs bois^ or rangers of 

the woods, he made the rugged locality now bearing 

/his altered name his rendezvous. The man has 

)peared, but the city, Duluth, deservedly proud 

of its rank and. position, bears him in 

memory. Attention was first attracted 

to what was a struggling village, by a 

speech in Congress in 1870, from J. 




: \^wrm^-^r^ 



Proctor Knott, in opposition to a rail- 



grant. " The 
Zenith City of 
the Unsalted 
Sias," spoken in 
_,^__,_-__ S^-^v^^-^rHte^*-, derision, was uncon- 

:^Giic>iis;^ropheGy.'- . From the mere town "just lying 
around loose " in 1880, it has grown to a city of 
60,000, and with its busy, growing, and energetic 
sister-city of West Superior across the bay, enjoys 
a lake traffic running into millions of tons annually. 
It is the last seaport in the shortest journey from 
Europe to Asia, and the first water connection with 
the Atlantic from Asia to Europe. 



10 



EFORE the days of the railway, it was a 

:^E=as many months as it now takes 

S^^~days to reach the Pacific Coast. 

Then it was a perilous trip, with 

lE^ngers besetting the wagon trains 



on every side. Now 

the railway cars, 

^4th the iron horse 

in front, his cy- 

opean eye shin- 

IJ^'^mg out into the darkness, 

hurry along against wind or 

rain without dismay, leaping the 

rivers and climbing the mountains, 

""" the traveler enjoying the while all 

9a^^Sf^;i)f home. It is a miracle of these later 

dS5zs^vroughf ' by human ingenuity. Of the service 

C" 
p^, 'V^ afforded by the Great Northern, Vice-President 

vStevenson has this to say in an interview : 

" The passenger service on the road is equal to the best in the land, not 
to speak of the buflfet car, which, in itself, is one of the greatest conveniences 
to tourists in making long journeys I ever enjoyed, and I am surprised it has 
not been adopted by other Pacific lines. So elaborate and complete are its 
accommodations that a man hardly realizes that he is traveling. It is a 
comfortable thing to find a library of books, and tables spread with maga- 
zines, daily papers, and writing materials, easy chairs, a bath-room, a barber 
shop, and smoking-rooms. It really seems as though a man had left his 
home and gone to his club, to step aboard this car. It is club-life carried 
throughout the journey." 




12 



.c>^ ''^Xr 



/r/ ll ^-' 




GREAT NORTHERN BUFFET-LIBRARY-OBSERVATION CAR 








..g^T. FAXJh, the capital of Minnesota, 






Vh 



o;^stands on a series of terraces over- 
looking the Mississippi River at the head 
IssiSrrof navip^ation ; is the focus of immense rail- 
_W.ay systems extending- in every direction, 

■;he center of an enormous wholesale and retail 
i 
trade, and contains numerous large manufacturing 

concerns. The Mission of St. Paul was founded in 

1841 ; in 1846 a post office was established ; the 

following year the town of St. Paul was platted. 

Beautiful in situation and surroundings, and blest 

with an invigorating climate, this northern capital has 

drawn to its gates an enterprising and cultivated 

population, in 1894 numbering 175,000. 



" I do not see why St. Paul should not become one of the notably most 
beautiful cities in the world. * * * Summit Avenue is literally a street of 
palaces. * * * It is not easy to recall a street and a view anywhere finer 
than this, and this is only one of the streets conspicuous for handsome 
houses." — Charles Dudley Warner in Harper's Magazine. 



14 






•^ 







^ 



pi 






\'j^ 



■^|c>::^ 



i-i^V-: ■' 



R 




OME'S imperial roads were by-paths com- 
pared with the iron arteries of travel 
and trade of the upper corner of our 
country, which so resemble a human 
hand with fing-ers outspread, the 
thumb-point at Lake Superior, the 
.-.wrist at St. Paul and Min- 
neapolis, which cities con- 
_...^,.-. "trol the fingfers that sfrasp the 

commerce of the whole vast Northwest. 

This double metropolis and this trade have their 
own seaports at Duluth and West vSuperior, the twins 
of Lake Superior, while at the Twin Cities the navi- 
gation of the Mississippi begins or ends. Within 
the limits of the two, whose interests are so identical, 
are 375,000 people. Their places of trade are palaces, 
and like their colleges, schools, homes, parks, and 
streets, scarce have rivals. Their hotels meet every 
demand of luxury, taste, and comfort. Indeed, 
Western city caravansaries and village taverns alike 
inspire by their hospitality the sentiment voiced by 
Shenstone: ^ 

'-^'^Who'er has traveled life's dull round, 
Where'er his stages may have been, 
May sigh to think he still has found 
The warmest welcome at an inn." 

16 



1\ /[ INNEAPOLIS is centered around the Falls of 

Saint Anthony, which affords more water-power 

th§h' the four next largest improved water-powers in 

New England. Its first house was built in 

1852. In 1894 it had 200,000 people. It is 

the largest lumber and flour producing 

city- ixi the world, the ajinual lumber 

'^^■^.f^'r^-^^ output reaching five hundred 

>.^ million feet, 
im^^ while 




:;^,,,;il,=^he flour 
produced 



; * Wei iminensje totM^ of ten million 



barrels. With 600 factories, making over 225 separate 
articles, it ranks seventh among the manufacturing 
cities of the country. It is noted for spacious streets, 
fine parks, large business blocks, and beautiful homes. 
The Great Northern Railway crosses the Mississippi 
at Minneapolis on a stone arch bridge in full view 
of the falls and the largest flouring mills in the 
world. 

" I can not force Minneapolis to challenge the world to produce her equal, 
but it seems to me that it will be difficult to find another influential trading 
and manufacturing city that is so peculiarly a city of homes, the pleasantest 
and most nearly perfect place for residence of all the cities I have seen in my 
country.'"— Julian Ralph in Harper's Weekly. 



j8 




:'^ -^ 



AKE MINNETONKA is reached 
by two branches of the Great 
Northern froin Minneapolis, one 
along the south shore to Hop- 
■~ ^ kins, Excelsior, Zumbra, and 
Coney Island, and 
the other along 
^^ttB-north shore to 
Wayzata, Minne- 
T- tonka Beach (Hotel Lafayette), 
and Spring Park (Hotel del Otero). Lake 
Minij:etonka in a direct line is less than fifteen miles 
long, but its numerous bays, inlets, and arms give a 
shore line of over 150 miles, attractive with trees, 
lawns, and cottages. It is a famous yachting resort 
and has more fine sailing and steam crafts than any 
other lake in the Northwest. The outlet is Minne- 
haha (Laughing Water) Creek, which contains the 
falls made famous by Longfellow's poem. Hotel 
Lafayette is the most palatial summer resort west of 
the Mississippi. It contains five acres of floor sur- 
face, and every window faces the water. 

" Lake Minnetonka, naturally surpassingly lovely, has become, by im- 
mense expenditures of money, perhaps the most attractive summer resort 
in the Northwest. "—£';-;/^i'/ lugersoll in Outing. 



20 



HE MINNESOTA PARK Region is where you 

cf,p^ have a " pull " on civilization, even in deep 

^oods or tented in quiet shore nooks, 

whose splendor of scenic environment fills 

^^^^^ 



0^i^$d . woods or tented in quiet shore nooks. 




aesthetic wants, and one enjoys complete 
isolation, and yet be only a short walk 
from the busy town, or a half-hour's 
sail or row from a sump- 
tuous hotel. To 
call the roll of 
--- _resorts along the Great 
Northern would be to 
fill this page with names. 
From the conii.ng;:|^''| the first spring violet to the 
fading of the last golden rod in the brown autumn, 
life in " cotton-houses " can be made a constant 
round of delights. Beyond the Park Region is the 
country around the source of the Mississippi, where 
the country is still wilder, where one can drop a 
line in any stream and something will rise to it, 
while skill with the gun will bring proud trophies. 
Farther north and east is the Rainy Lake region 
and Lake Superior, a treasury of wealth for those 
who deal in the products of the wilderness. 



22 



"pOR hundreds of miles from St. Paul through Min- 
nesota, and far ^nto North Dakota, the trains of 
''X/ ^ ^> the foeat Northern are rareh^ out 

^^^^^51 ^^'^--^■~_^^ ^ .,'r'--^t sight of 

^gH -^TMsMf . ^:^'' — _ ,,^ m3 with grain in 

wSr ''^^^ «Ai(''m*^ - the spring 

1 \ ^ ' ,,-'' with stubble in the autumn, and pas- 
'T\-||iir tures dotted with prime cattle, horses, 

and sheep. The wonder is constant alike at the rich- 
ness of the soil, the beauty of the valley prairie, 
interspersed Avith pretty villages, forest groves, and 
lakes which stand out on the landscape like gems, at 
the abundance of the harvests, and what the people 
do with all their crops and live stock. 

At various points along the Mississippi, between 
Minneapolis and St. Cloud, large rafts of logs from the 
forests of the upper river and tributaries are seen 
either in booms along shore or leisurely floating to the 
mills. From St. Cloud the train runs loo miles 
through the Lake Park region, to Fergus Falls, 
where the Red River begins its descent into that 

noted valley. 

24 




NORTHWESTERN CITIES. 



in 






P 
'^:?^^^*^_ 



A LEXANDRIA, the seat of justice of Douglas 
County, Minn., is a little city fairly hemmed 
r. Lakes are in sight in every direc- 
tion — little gems such as New 
Englanders would call ponds 
^-teeming with lilies, and 
fringed about with wild rice ; 
the feeding and breeding 
^t4r'^^2^^,.^^rpunds of wild ducks 
and geese. Directly 
G^st of Alexandria there is a chain 
of ten or twelve lakes, connected 
by channels, affording a variety 
-r ^ ^-t^^ '-., for fishermen and sportsmen hardly 

"^^s^'^-, -Equaled in any similar area in the country. 
. :^^^^ There are several club houses on the 
shores of these lakes, occupied during the 
warm season by parties from Eastern and Southern 
cities. The town contains excellent hotels, and 
camping grounds are numerous. 




" Enter ! the pavement, carpeted with leaves, 
Gives back a softened echo to thy tread ! 
Listen ! the choir is singing ; all the birds, 
In leafy galleries beneath the eaves, 
Are singing ; listen, ere the sound is fled, 
And learn there may be worship without words." 



26 



/ 








1\/TINNES0TA is a State of broad grain -fields, of 

I dense forests, of rich iron mines, and inex- 

i 

"^ ^ haustible granite quarries, and is famed 

far and wide for its charming river 

systems and lakes. From center to 

circumference its face is 

dimpled with beauti- 

ful sheets of water, 

' varying in size from 

" -"^i^^^^-^liitle gems hidden among the leaves 
"^' ¥i ■ to Mille Lacs, Leech Lake, and Red Lake 
(larg'i^t body of fresh water solely within the 
boundary of any State), whose wide sweep 
carries the thither shore beyond the line of 
the horizon ; or like Minnetonka, whose waters 
are plowed by steamers carrying happy excur- 
sionists or visitors flying from the heat of cities. 
The interior points on the Great Northern — Anoka, 
St. Cloud, Fergus Falls, Crookston, Moorhead, Breck- 
enridge, Morris, Benson, Willmar, Marshall, and 
Pipestone — may not abound with heroic reminis- 
cences of the />ast, but they are blessed with the 
prosperity of the /^resent, and shine with golden 
promise of future growth and well-doing. 

28 





FARGO — CROOKSTON — GRAND FORKS. 



/COMMISSIONERS to the World's Fair from twenty 
foreign countries, and speaking sixteen different 
languages, took a look at the farming districts of Min- 
nesota and North Dakota in the autumn of 1893, as 
guests of the Great Northern Railway. They ex- 
pressed surprise at the agricultu|^#§tii;Mi,t -and pros- 
perity, and wondered at the lafg^e „._.:::0'-'' 

proportion of edui::a,ted and cul- ■'-■■'"-....' — .. - - 

tivated people they met -ii]u.4,he '"' 
villages and on the farmj^, ""■ 



™°^|9^^'I 




comparing 

favorably with 

country life in 

European countries. The seSfiMFliffisrTsrtlra^ the 

Northwest is largely composed of transplanted com- 
munities, the railw^ays having taken people there by 
the wholesale. The Northwest knows nothing of the 
frontier life that lasted for a generation in the valley 
of Mississippi before the era of railways. Towns and 
cities spring up like magic in the new West. Grain 
elevators seem to stand everywhere along the horizon, 
like ships at sea. This view was taken at Larimore, 
N. D., where the commissioners saw sixty-five self- 
binders cutting wheat in a single field. 

30 




"T^ EVILS LAKE is the English rendering of the 

Indian word Minnewankan, or '' Water of the 

Bad vSpirit." Many interesting and romantic stories 

clLister around the- early history of the lake. LTntil 

Indians would 
not navigate 
it, owing to 
fear of the bad 
spirit. The 
lake 'is^fty miles^^lLQ^^i^^^^e to eight miles 
wide, and has 300 miles or'-'shoiie^ line. Fort Totten, 
a small government post, is on the south shore, in the 
Cuthead Sioux Indian reservation. The Indians are 
well advanced in civilized habits, but tourists will 
find much primitive life among them. In the 
recent past this region was populous with buffaloes ; 
then the hide-hunters came, and turned the wide 
prairie steppe into an altar of slaughter, from 
whence bleached bones have been gathered by 
hundreds of cars. The day of the buffalo and 
Indian is past — like a story ended. In this part of 
North Dakota, wild ducks and geese congregate 
in countless numbers during their spring and autumn 
flights, and sportsmen never go away empty handed. 

32 



n^HE man whose geographical knowledge is that 

.:;^&, the-.school-book of a dozen 3'ears ago feels 

-.^..'■^''■^'■M^^sen-se of deficiency when from the cars 

'^■■-''"'\ wV the Great Northern he catches glimp- 

"'. ■■'. Mvlses for hundreds of miles of the rivers 

''K><\ .\ ^'^ Milk, ^lathead, Kootenai, and 

...Pencl.d' Oreille, 
each lareer than 




v ^ \ ■ ' '^-7 t 



^^.^\ .' ^ '* 



>:^^>^xi-4^.^?^^«jii»?-^^ England, each 



"any streain in 



lj.^^_^:^"'tfean^ the Hudson, and of 

which he never heard before his 
W''' A visit. He sees "bands" of sheep, 
^%/V cattle, and horses grazing the 
i^V'^ j^< ^f^ x^\ ' nutritious grasses, wandering about 
■wi@lmt<fSetning ownership, and learns with sur- 
prise that they attain maturity and go to market 
without ever having other shelter than the sky, 
or food other than the native grasses. He learns, 
too, that the surrounding mountains and hills are 
veritable treasure-houses of royal ores, and that 
prospectors, lured on by hopes of fortune, " tour " 
the steeps and out-of-way places, in fascinating and 
often unrewarded search for the " glittering dross 

that moveth nations." 

34 











-^ *' 






I 










"I 









-* J,f 












p^OUt ASSINNIBOINE is the largest 

military .post in the United vStates. 

The quarters --are- of brick, and the 

:^"\ cost of " construction to 1894 

/ . amounts to more 

^tMsfei2ii?-i^ " $2,000,000. 

:•::.» .".:!ru!&-^' ^F^^ regiment 
of: troops is usu- 
ally stationed there. 
tft^'he location is sightly, on a clear 
, 'Stream in the foothills of the Bear 
Paw Mountains. It is in full view 
from the Great Northern car win- 
dows. 

Clf Tw.q'. Medicine is a pretty lake nestling in the 
eastern slope of the Rockies, near Midvale vStation. 
The story of the name is that many years ago the 
Blackfoot tribe had a civil war and the two factions 
agreed to a council on the shores of the lake, each 
party erecting its own medicine lodge. Peace was 
agreed upon, and the name attaches to the lake and 
to the two streams leading away from it to Marias 
River, so named by Lewis and Clarke, in honor of 
Maria, the wife of a member of their party. 



36 



" In pathless wDods where rolls the Oregon, 
And hears no sound save its own dashings. " 

T T WAS years ago that Bryant penned these lines 
of what is now the Cohimbia, America's second 
largest river. The familiar words of Thanatopsis 
h^ive so fastened themselves upon the public mind 
that one needs to visit the region of the river to 
divest himself of the impression that all is still 
solitude. The railway is out there now and inade 
a path for itself ; the ax of the wood-chopper 
_5^- is heard; the rattle of the gold 

pan adds to the din, for the 

sand of the river 
:-:— :.r.:.;and Its tributarlcs 

is rich with the 

^^r^---^"^^-- --«««^«- yellow dust; the 

smoke of steamers is seen, and the rolling water 

has been harnessed to machinery, and water is 

being lifted up over the land fo give life to 

orchards and gardens. The "round-ups" l)ecome 

less frequent as range cattle give way to blooded 

stock, and instead of beef only, 1:)Utter, cheese, and 

other dairy products are becoming the staples 

derived from the cattle industry, from the Red 

River to the Columbia. 

38 




EAT-. Fi^LX*S_JiasT,lJ&5~n|tterfil^i^^ great falls 

or tne ivnssouri... River, first made known through 

the explorations of Lewis and Clarke. The citv 

\ . 

Hlias many important industries scattered along a 




water-power sufficient to turn the wheels of a 
nation's machinery, and generates enough elec- 
tricity for a continent's use. The river has a width of 
2,800 feet opposite the cit}' front, but narrows to 
1,000 feet a half-mile below, preparatory to the 
first leap in the series of falls, the aggregate 
^^'- plunge amounting to 520 feet. Close to the first, 
:j|l jT- or Black Eagle Falls, a giant spring bursts 
from the bank twenty feet above the river, in 
^5^ voluiue sufficient to make a stream 200 feet 
wide and five feet deep. Rainbow Falls, 
the prettiest of the number, has a drop of 
full fifty feet, and ranks next to the Great 
Falls, where the mighty stream leaps 
ninety feet. Unlike the turbid river it 
becomes in the prairie vStates the water 
here is clear. From one point of obser- 
vation three different falls, the giant spring, and 
five ranges of mountains can be seen. 

"It is altogether a wild and splendid spectacle/"— C/iar/es Dudley Warner 
in Harper's Alagazine. 

40 




A /lyONG the branch railway leading from Great 
';'' Falls into the Neihart and Barker min- 

ing region, thence to White Sulphur 
Springs and the Judith Basin, the 
student will find the whole story 
of the creation lying open like a 
book. The crust of the earth 
;,^ is exposed in strata, show- 







how the foundations 
laid, and how they 
-were upheaved and sub- 
merged ; how the summits 
were lifted up, the canyons 
cut, the foothills formed, and 
the water-courses established. On the tops of 
the high cliffs are marine shells of ancient seas. 
Buried in the canyons are fossil remains of strange 
and uncouth monsters of the early ages. 



" There once was an Ichthyosaurus 
Who lived when the earth was porous. 
But he fainted with shame 
When he first heard his name, 
And departed a long time before us." 

The canyon is so narrow that the ininers call it 

" The vSluice Box," and the train moving through 

it shifts the views like scenes of the stereopticon. 

42 






,' ' '^¥^Tr% 



*' > 




BELT RIVER VALLEY IN BIG BELT MOUNTAINS MONTANA, 



" I " HE question of artificially supplying' moisture to 



1 



crops in the western half of the United States 



is ,t)ecomin2f an important one. Water for this pur 
'J\.^^ pose is abundant in Montana and Wash- 



%*. 



ington in the rivers and lakes, and stor- 
age basins are easily made. In the 
Wi?1' Dakotas the largest and strongest arte- 
sian basin in the world is being 
utilized for both irrigation and power. 
The wells of Dakota are often of 
.; such force and volume as to sup- 
ply towns with water for fire 
> ■ purposes, irrreation is no 

^^ new problem, 
"'for half of the 
people of the earth 
live on foods raised by this method. The farmer 
of irrigated districts does not wait for rain when 
his crops are dry; he uses water at will. 

" Mighty as has been our past our resources have just been touched upon, 
and there is wealth beyond the Mississippi which, in the not distant future, 
will astonish even the dwellers by Lake Michigan. * * My waking dreams 
have been lilled with visions of the incalculable wealth which the touch of 
water will bring to life from those great uncultivated plains toward the 
Pacific. The same power which wastes millions on the Mississippi can be 
^itilized to make the desert bloom with the homes of men, and bring 
forth the fruits of the Garden of Eden."— TV/fJi-. B. Reed, at Pittsburg, 
April, 1894. 

44 




/? Afc./f^^r 



wm?w. 



'^^^f'V^^ -^'K^'^^ 




'-y^Wi 






v^:/: 



:: ( 



7--: 

^<'i<^ 




^'^s^^ 




A T GREAT FALLS we are 1,082 miles from 
vSt. Paul, and have traversed the long"est and 
best stretch of low-grade roadway in the L^nited 
wStates. Departing from the Falls City, with its sil- 
ver and copper smelters and bustling activity, the 
vSun River is crossed, and the train takes its way 

along the banks 
^- the Missouri. 
^^^ massive gran- 
^_ ite wall stands 



^/i Tl' t r o n t ; a 
mighty ""ci'^fice in the mountainous uplift permits 

the passage of the river — it is the ''Gate of the 
Mountain." The river is navigable above this break 
in the rocky wall for 200 miles to the junction of 
the three rivers forming the Missouri. Leaving the 
river, the train enters Prickly Pear Canyon, and 
pursues its way in the midst of wild and exhila- 
rating scenery to Helena, the capital of Montana. 
It is a marvelously picturesque ride ainong crags 
and precipices of trap rock set on end in fantastic 
array. Along the way are openings of fine valleys, 
thriving ranches, and villages of saucy marmots, or 
prairie dogs. 

46 



TF THERE is a city in the world built literally 

on a g-old mine it is Helena; the precious dust 

is still gathered from the very streets and washed 

from thd;c&ands of neighboring streams and rivulets. 

'''^-C^ '^-^^i^Li.^ The heaps of stones and gravel in 

V^ ^ ^ '' i=^s-^ !?'ii^^t on all sides attest that search 

/y^^^-^^ > '^^^^ - 'i for the yellow dross still 

I ' ^'^^ !?' .^ ,^ ^^>^\^ *' ^^^ ■^^4-- - -^^..^P^^. street, the 

"' "'^^'^Ck^^^ ^i^£^'^ :]frr:j~--^^''- old-time ''Last 

*^fe^^^^^^^ "' " ^^ '''" ---Chance" gulch, gold 

^'^r^!^*'*^*''^fTt^^^S^^^^^— . equal to the fortunes 

'^,^^^^^^^\^ -, '^^^'^ of millionaires has been 

•■^^^s^li^n.-' Helena has long been an important center, 
;!~"^and"% one of the richest cities per capita in the 
country. A notable feature is the Hot vSprings, 
with Hotel Broadwater and its wonderful Natato- 
rium. The latter is the finest specimen of Moorish 
architecture in America; its vaulted roof of cathe- 
dral glass covers a bathing pool 300 by too feet in 
size, with enormous water suppl3\ 

" That portion of the Great Northwest, starting froin the west slope of the 
Cascade Range, running east to Helena, Montana, and north from the Colum- 
bia and Snake rivers into British Columbia, contains more wealth in gold, 
silver, copper, iron, lead, coal, etc., than any other part of the earth."— i:>- 
(7. S. Senator lVa7-}ier Miller, in a speecJi on the N^icaragiia Canal. 

48 



T)UTTE is a mining' city, one of the most impor- 
tant in the world. It produces millions of 
pounds of copper every year, and silver and gold 
equal to the revenue of a principality. The ground 
under the city is honeycombed with tunnels and 
drifts, and palatial business blocks, pretty homes, 
and mining industries are mixed up in veritable 
confusion. Even if generations of constant working" 
should exhaust the endowment of precious metals, \£ 
Montana will still have coal and iron, a fine grazing, 



y/ 




country, vast tracts of well timbered land and wide^'/| 
stretches of fertile valleys and plains ; and 
these resources are made available by the 
railways built under the stimulus of the 
mines. Butte is picturesque, and 
the railways getting in and 
out are very mucii 
tangled up in the 



mountains. The 

first view of the 

city, after the 

Great Northern train from Helens^^and the East 

emerges from among the rocks, is one of the most 

striking in the country. 

50 




T AKE McDonald lies on the western side of 
^ the Montana Rockies, two miles from Belton 
Station. The lake is eighteen miles long and from 
one to three miles wide, set like a grand Kohinoor 
in the midst of Alpine grandeur. 
.^MjT > \ f McDonald is destined to become a 

resort in itself for its fishing, 
^^mitmg, scenic, and 




^"'^^~fl'^^''rfieal th - ofi vi n e at tr ac - 
'^ions,,' and come in for a full 
^^^^^^hare of poetic inspiration in verse 
and artistic reproduction on canvas. 
'-' -M'i Hi'il^s from its head is another lake in the cleft 
rock, several miles in length, and near by is a vast 
icy field, covering many square miles, as grand and 
imposing as any vSwiss glacier, and much easier to 
reach. There are other lakes and glaciers and won- 
derful sights in this mighty region. 

" WMth every scenic feature that makes the Alpine lakes attractive, 
with a far greater variety of ^^ume and fish, and immunity from the petty 
exactions of fees and tolls which make traveling in Switzerland vexatious, 
it is destined to become the leading resort in America as soon as it 
becomes widely known. Already its annual visitors are counted by 
scores. Its accommodations are more ample and comfortable than the 
primitive hostelries at Saranac and St. Regis, in the Adirondacks were, 
and the promise of a more brilliant history than theirs is before it."'-- 
Charles Ha Hock in the American Angler. 



52 



AAyiTH many charms of climate and landscape, 
and possessed of a long and splendid inven- 
tory of things that eye, heart, mind, stomach, and 
_ - pocket might desire, Kalispell, the 
v-%^ chief town of the Flathead Valley, 
has a gratifying future before it. 
The prairies yield many products; 
the hills give timber and the 
streams furnish power to fashion 
it into useful forms; coal, iron, 

, and precious metals are found; 

\ 

iand fountains of water pour down 

from the Rockies, in whose pon- 
derous recesses are located the 
firsit play-grounds of the great 
rivers of the continent. Twelve 
rpiles" ^Souili of- the town is Flathead Lake, the 
largest bociyi'^f^ water in the Rocky ^Mountains. In 
only two' locatrt'^s can the Rockies be seen fr(nTi the 
deck of a steamboat, and both of these are in Mon- 
tana, one from Flathead River and lake, and the other 
from the Missouri River. The magnitude of the 
rivers and lakes of the Flathead Valley are in keep- 
ing with the natural features of Western ^Montana. 

54 





V - 



"POY'S LAKES, three in number, lie one above 
the other, in the hills near Kalispell, in the 
Flathead, Valley of Montana. Mountains circle about 
the outlooker, furnishing a panoramic view worth 
a long journey to see. Now the scene is 
radiant with sunshine,, . then touched with 
-. - clouds, now dark with rocks and trees, 
^ ;^_ then white with snow, now cold, now 
warm, but always inspiring in 
beauty ^nd grandeur. In front the 
:Iloi^ie^'' lif t their ram- 
parts of bare rock, cold 

wTth \vinter and per- 

^ 4:)etual snow, towering 
high abore park-like valleys sweet with grass and 
blossoms, and streams and lakes beloved of trout, 
and the drinking-places of deer at twilight. Vege- 
tation extends a half-mile higher than in the 
Alps, with richer verdure and greater variety of 
form and color than in the Swiss Mountains. The 
air is so clear that the eye seems to take in all 
space, and the tourist from districts where vision 
is limited should think twice before guessing dis- 
tances. 

56 




'T^HE Kootenai River is 600 miles long. It rises 
in British Columbia, the great Columbia River 
its.elf halving its source within a mile of it. The 
Columbia circles to the northwest and 
then south, while the Kootenai runs south 
and then circles northwest to a union with 
the Columbia, the two forming 
almost a gigantic 
(), and making avast island 
far in from the sea. From 
^' .. source to mouth the river 

"^5' win^s in and out among hills veined 
wit1i precious metals. The Great Northern 
'follows the Kootenai for sixty-two miles in 
Montana and Idaho. It is a glorious ride, and 
reminds one of the Hudson in picturesque views, 
except everything is on a grander scale. The river, 
almost constantly in sight from the car windows, 
is a majestic stream, clear, swift, and deep. From 
Bonner's Ferry the river gives direct access to the 
famous Kootenai Lake mining region of British Col- 
umbia. Whittier's familiar words apply: 

" Behind the squaw's light birch canoe, the steamer rocks and raves; 
And city lots are staked for sale above old Indian graves." 

58 




rush 



A LARGE rock in the middle of the river 
; , divides the hurrying water; the opposite 
channel, being intercepted by immense 
boulders, makes a sharp turn and 
meets the current from the train 
side, and the two rise in an 
anerv crest, and then subsiding 
furiously to the edges 
of the now narrowing 
_ gorge and boil up 
-like geysers. To the 
right and above is the seeth- 
ing fall, below the pent-up flood forces 
^^its passage through worn but piti- 
-liard rock, locked between precipitous hills 
stfe\^m with broken fragments of granite as though 
the Titans had tossed in their chips there from their 
workshop of the world. Compress Niagara, thirty 
or forty feet of it, into this resounding flume; 
polarize or turn the river up on edge, and shoot 
the water, yeasty with submerged bubbles, ahead at 
the speed of twenty miles an hour, and you have 
the scene. Salmon make their way up against this 

boiling flood of waters. 

60 




17 ASTERN WASHINGTON is a panorama capa- 
ble of expressing' every form of scenic grand- 
eur. There is ceaseless variety and no end to 
anomalies of nature in the wonderful stretch of 
country known as the " Inland Empire," of which 
Spokane Falls is the centering gem. The 
beauty and usefulness of many cataracts ar^'^^-^^ 
mingled in the falls of the vSpokane, the 
series having a descent of 157 
in a half mile. Breaking- awc 
the waters do from 
the level uplandy' 
they leap forward 
over the steeps to be \ 
separated by projections of rock"J'''^2tr(?ii;gjJ J\w-IiiG.h__the 
suds-white waters boil and rush, the impulse of the 
near-by mountains still being strong- within them 
as they do everything but tarry in their eagerness 
to reach the Columbia, and be part and parcel of 
that mighty river in its majestic sweep to the sea. 
The city of Spokane has a population of 30,000, its 
growth being a marvel even in the West, so noted 
for phoenix-like upbuilding of cities. Views of this 

sturdy young city are shown on the next page. 

62 





BIRD-EYE VIEWS OF SPOKANE, WASHINGTON. 



'T^HIS view takes the reader from the self-binders 
and sky-fenced fields of No:th Dakota to the 
wheat-lands of the Big Bend Countr}^ of Washington, 
where a still more complete machine, hauled by 
twenty to thirty horses, cuts, threshes, cleans, and 

bags the wheat 

,. r^ady for market. 

,,^^^^^jfeB^^ The gram ripens 

■^ with no rain to rust it and 
:~- no winds to shell it. The 

owner has no need of barns, bins, 
gr elevators to store it. In sacks 
from the stalk and machine it 
;'oes to the railway and mill, or 
to the ship which carries it to 
Awaiting their turn for shipment 
the sacks lie in great piles by the track without 
elevator charges for storage. 

The Big Bend region takes its name from the 
circuit made around it by the second largest stream 
in America, the Columbia, a brimming river of fleet 
waters, 

" Running with feet of silver 
Over sands of gold."' 




foreign countncs 



64 



AKE CHELAN, in Central Washington, is 
r^iK^I^ - o^^ ^^ ^^^ most striking- and impressive 
V bodies of fresh water in America. While 
■:^#m1mA', h % its head rests in the midst of Haciers and 
; W.v\^ ^'' /g.^ternal snoTO the Cascades, its foot is 



'' ■{\\w'^*^ a warm valley, prime with 




Vineyards and peach orchards 
'h' i^ - Ifen^thr width, and depth 
is seventy b}^ one to three 
r,~ miles, and 1,200 feet, more or 

less. From the outlet, where the view 
is unobstructed for twelve miles, the 
shores rise in pretty benches, on which 
friitl^^bH^ers are making homes. To the east 
is the Columbia River, the terraced ridge between 
extend,ing for many miles. Steamers ply the lake 
from the tow^ns of Chelan and Lakeside, which 
places are accessible via steamers on the Colum- 
bia River from Wenatchee. In the lee of the 
Cascades the weather for the major part of the year 
is like ripe wine. Days succeed days when the sun 
sits in his loom with a many-colored warp, weaving 
beauty in the sky, air, waters, fields, and on the far 

rim of the circling hills. 

66 






h, i *'.»A 




T^HE upper two-thirds of Lake Chelan is rugged, 
with forested hills, dizzy cliffs, and snow-clad 
rocks lifted to the clouds. One stretch of ten miles 
is through precipitous walls rising from deep water 
to thousands of feet into the air. Streams of foamy 
water rush down steep places, white their whole 
length to the lake as the snow from ^t|ence they 
spring. Rainbow Falls, of easy access^ 
from the head of the lake, is over 200 §{ k'\. *^-vf A^'' " 



the lake at Round Moimtain, near W'f'HMwvi^ '^^*-' ' 



feet high, while up streams, coming to 



Moore's Hotel, are falls reaching up to 

the dizzy heights of from 800 to i,^> 

feet. White goats with" shaggy coat; 

and thin black horns ar^-^ be s^en up 

among the rocks and sparse.^ I^ 

vegetation. This animal .fe'^tlie^"-:^^. 

only one that is said to be 

increasing in numbers among all the wild denizens' 

of the western mountains, and they are seen here 

in large flocks. Wonders tread upon beauty's heels 

in this favored region. The view opposite was 

taken at an elevation of 3,500 feet, a scene to 

enrapture artists and enthuse the most prosy people. 

68 





Jt' 



3 .*.*4B» ^ - «»» 



" I ^HE most imposing mountain scenery in the 
United States, to be seen from the level of 
the sea, is in the Cascade range of Washington. 
With a single exception, it contains the highest 
peak in the country. Senator G. F. Edmunds of 
Vermont says this mighty mountain system is 

"One of the grandest show-places on the Continent; if Switzerland is 
the play-ground of Europe, the Cascades should become the scenic resort of 
all the world." 

Nature was not satisfied to crowd attractive 
variety and beauty into the landscape, but monster 
tree-ofrowths decorate the foothills and vallevs, and 
jewels of silver and gold are locked in the rocks, 
whose doors open quickly when the key of industry 
is applied. The scene on the opposite 
page is in the Horse Shoe Basin, at 
the beginnings of the streams lead- 
ing- into the head of Lake Chelan. 
Whatever may be the object of 
^^^'^^^1^^"" exploration, the mountain climber 
'^^-::^!^^M^^''^^^^^i'll Mnd much to instruct and 
- ^^^ ""^intere^-- in a study of earth- 
■;"''•■■.'■'. building in these walls laid bare 
by the sweep of glaciers and the im- 
pulse of volcanic forces. 

70 










TT IS not to be wondered at that the ancients 
worshiped mountains, and located the home of 
the gods lip among lofty peaks and clouds. The 
tiny streams which lead down through Horse Shoe 
Basin to the head of Lake Chelan are 

" Born where the ice-peak feels the noonday's sun, 
And rain-storms on the glacier burst." 

The visitor to this region, faiuiliar though he may 
be with mountain vastness, is apt to be bewildered 

by the illimitable snow- 
^ ^' i' peaks, the nobility of 

the ranges, and 
■3i^^?fc«^v%5^^gfeT;2^?>ig-'^^Kpft?^^^^"'-^ savage grand- 

^.'eur of the can- 
yons, where arms " of glaciers are seen which seem 
to pour out of the very sky, and become torrents 
which roar and foaiu and fret, in vain endeavor to 
carve broader pathways to the lake and join waters 
eager to reach the distant sea. Distance becomes 
inappreciable, the ideal comes to the front, and the 
rocky battlements and variegated terraces up among 
the clouds seem like a vision of the heavenly city. 
Searchers for precious metals have pushed into these 
awful gorges and located the shining stuff, even 

up against the everlasting ice. 

72 




w 



ASHIXGTON lies along the international 
boundary, and to the uninformed may seem 



too far north to nurture the growth of delic 




fruits. This was practicalh^ the opinion of "'^^^ 



early settlers, but experience has shown \i^^\'^^// ^'^' 
the .*^.-?'*f';'^ 

--13/ 1 



that all conditions are fayorable to the C^^^^^'i 
production of a large variety 
of fruits, berries, grapes, and 




nuts. A peculiarity is^rapj^^^-'n v 
growth and extrem^— ^^^^^_,_ 
fruitfulness. Grape" 
cuttings will yield" 
the first }^ e a r ; 
peaches and apples 



the second and third year, and the yomig limbs 
need propping up to keep from breaking down 
under the weight of fruit. Berries are prolific in 
yield, growing tons to the acre ; indeed, all fruits 
are noted for large yields, as well as for color, 
aroma, flayor, and size. This yiew is of a 4-year-old 
apple tree in a Wenatchee Valley orchard. 

"The business of raising fruits has been apUy termed 'The Sweetened 
Water Industry.' Water constitutes 90 per cent of the substance of many 
varieties. Soil is a secondary factor in fruit growth. Where the climate is 
propitious— pure air, bright sunshine, and suitable warmth — and water is 
plentiful, the most sterile soil can be made as fruitful as a Nilean garden." 

74 



T 



UMWATER CANYON is the valley of the 
Wenatchee River narrowed to a chasm, which, 
ij\^ scenic grandeur, has no rival elsewhere possible to 
see from the car windows. The river is a 
series of cascades playing- leap-frog over 
giant stones. Now for a moment it rests in 
s^. an eddy or hisses in the shallows, and 
\ - then leaps against resisting rocks and 

becomes white with foam, 
and roars above the noise 
of the train. Streams like 
-~^r'- - - white ribbons are flung 
down from loft}^ snow- 
fields, it'tciot being possible to tell where the stream 
begins or the snow ends. What looks like moss on 
the distant hills is a forest of pine trees. Walls 
of rock rise to dizzy heights, and the river along- 
side boils angrily. Every rod forward presents new 
scenes, from merely picturesque to exalted and 
sublime, and one constantly feels with each that no 
other can furnish so fair and grand a sight. 

' As we passed through the Rockies we thought the scenery could not 
be surpassed, but as we descended into the valley of the Columbia and 
ovit of that valley into the Cascade Mountains, we found the scenery 
grander than that we just left.''' — Interview in St. Paul Pioneer Pt-ess 
with Mgr. Sat oil i. 

76 





IN TUMWATER (TALKING WATER) CANYON. WASHINGTON. 



HE ''vSWITCH-BACK" is a term applied to the 
,"%! engineering contrivance which enables the 
'C\4; trains of the Great Northern to switch back 
P^"^ and forth in getting over the Cascade 
\-i.'^-S^r-Tanp:e, where mountains are terraced 
iW^ii ■" ' off ii^ such numbers 

that they can not 

be counted, and peak, 

glacier, canyon, waterfall, and 




r±^5T>^^ 



•■'^vf snowdrift intermingled to the 

bewilderment of the beholder. Each 
stretch of track is called a leg. There are three 
legs on the east side and four on the west. The 
monster iron horses, hitched tandem, haul the cars 
with seeming ease across the mighty barrier. From 
one leg or ledge to another the splendid engines 
keep their steadfast course, for every precaution 
possible to model management is faithfully observed. 
The track, like the house of the wise man of the 
scriptures, is " builded on a rock," and the granite 
way is as safe as a prairie road. 

" The scenery is finer than I ever saw on previous transcontinental trips. 
I doubt if Tumwater Canyon can be surpassed in this country. The vSwitch- 
back over the Cascades is a wonderful piece of track, and worth a journey 
across the continent to see." — Interview in St. Paul Dispatch 7vith Vice- 
President Stevenson. 

78 



^"\ THIRLING along, comfortably seated in the 
cars, the thoughtful person looks with wonder 
i |at the difficulties the engineers of the Great North- 
'|| ern encountered and overcome in 

making a wa}^ for the track and the 
train through a primeval wilderness. 
One only needs to look ahead, behind, 

or around to com- 
prehend what it 
meant to plunge 
4nto dense woods, 
n, climb rocky 
■•-steeps, to face 
snows and storms, to ford angry 
waters, to risk life at every 
turii, and make plain a path for the builders. Pro- 
file Rock is in a rock}^ goi'ge on the western slope 
of the Cascades, where powder tore away a jutting 
point of granite, and left several very striking out- 
lines of the human face. Man seems a demigod 
when he grasps the hills in his hands, and lays 
iron ways at pleasure. 

" I have seen all portions of the Republic, but never saw such a wonder- 
ful combination of mountains, sea, and forest as in the Puget Sound 
region.'' ^ Ex-Posf masker-Genera/ Clarkso7i, in loiva State Register. 

80 





)^/ 



\i- 



4-4. ■' 






»>....i..trtStfKtnfe,- ,., 



^^t^'-V 



mil 



23 



v,ll 



PROFILE ROCK, CASCADE MOUNTAINS, WASHINGTON. 



AVING crossed the main range of the Cascades 

tMo track of the Great Northern follows the 

valley of the Skykomish River. So 

^^^gliA^nd dense are the fir and cedar 

%^-^»,%.A/^^.: •; trees, that the passage cut 



for the track seems like 
_ " " "a canyon. The 




river alternately 



" widens and narrows, now 
^...an even flow, then dashed 
into foam and suds by 
opposing rocks, or, by 
dropping over a preci- 
pice, sends a roar off into the forest. As the train 
nears Index Station, two lofty peaks are sighted, 
known as South and West Index, and a few min- 
utes later the out-looker is rewarded by a view of 
North Index, so like a giant finger, standing a full 
mile higher than the track. Here the most worldty 
can tarry and feel that it is sacred ground. These 
hills seem to reach into the very sky, and like the 
prophet of old talk with Deity and bring answers 
down through mist and storm to waiting men. 

82 




HP HE cities of Puget 
Sound: Seattle, the 
[argest, and still growing; Tacoma, the 
active city of Commencement Bay; New 
Whatcom and Fairhaven, of sterling worth and 
promise, on Bellingham Bay; Everett, founded in 
1892, a lively place, of which views are shown on 
the opposite page; Snohomish and ]\Iount Vernon, 
each prosperous and stanch; Olympia, quaint and 
pretty, and the capital cit}^; Port Townsend and 
Victoria, each beautiful in situation, and almost in 
sight of each other across the Strait of Juan de 
Fuca; Vancouver, the new commercial city of British 
Columbia, as Victoria is its capital; and Blaine, 
the most northwesterly town in the United States. 
Intervening are villages in the midst of hop fields. 
Like Kirk Munroe's comprehensive article in 
Harper's Weekly^ this page closes as it did with 
the following : 

"There is more, infinitely more, to be said on this fascinating subject 
of the cities of the sound, but it must be lefL for another opportunity. 
In the meantime I would repeat the advice given me by the pilot of 
a .sound steamer, who said, 'Mi.ster, while cruising around these United 
States hunting for places that are alive and up to the times, if you 
don't want to get left, just keep your eye pretty steady on Puget 
Sound,' " 



84 



T3EGINNING with a saw-mill on the shore of 
Elliott Bay, Seattle has grown to be a city, clear- 
ing" every step of the way through dense woods, 
climbing first the naturally terraced hills back of the 
original business center on the bay shore, afterward 
spreading out north and south over less abrupt slopes, 
and finally sweeping over hills and valleys to Lake 
Washington with cable cars and continuous streets. 
With navigable fresh water on one side and salt tide 
water on the other, Seattle is singular and unique. 
From the high residence district the snow-clad 
Olympics are seen across the Sound, whil^'lDel^^nd 
the lake the mighty Cascades, 
dominated by gigantic Ranier, 
show a rugged front 
along the eastern .jsivZ' XWl Mlu 
horizon, with their- 
foothills seemingly 
right in the front 



and back yards of the city. In the waters of the 

Sound are seen the white wings of tea ships coming, 

and wheat ships going, and every manner of craft 

bearing away lumber, coal, and varied commodities to 

foreign countries. 

86 




T^HE rivers of the Piiget Sound basin flow 
, sluggish!}' tlirough alluvial bottoms as 



•^ i vl^^r-J^'^fe^/'lV V^'^*^^ foothills of the Cascades they 



S*' ''V/. f'-'Ti^i^ ^^' ^beuiitife tqrren 




as you ascend, until they 
tqrrents of white foamy water 
that roar and 
leap from eter- 
nal snow-banks and 
slow-moving glaciers. 
In every stream, re- 
^•^^ '> ,m^^^ -^ gardless of size, the 

/trout and other game fishes in hungry eagerness 
await the fisherman. Wheels moved by the current, 
and nets, seines, and traps capture by tons the 
finny inhabitants of the bright waters. The Columbia 
River and Puget vSound practically supply the Avorld 
with canned salmon. The question of fishing in 
Washington is considered from a commercial stand- 
point rather than that of sport, for the waters of 
the vState, both salt and fresh, swarm with life. 
The variety and abundance of fish of the best 
quality are as strikingly characteristic of Puget 
waters as are its forests, soil products, and climate. 




r:or-,NG VIEWS IN WASHINGTON. 




"PAIRHAVEN and New Whatcom, with 12,000 
people, touch elbows around the beautiful cres- 
cent of Bellingham Bay; a broad highway and elec^*-- 
tric cars connect their business cen-/ 
ters. These two rivals and close 
neighbors have resources back 
of them of timber, coal, iron^ 
fish, fruits, agriculture, and 
precious and useful 
metals, and 
in front of 

them is the wide' Strait (^^^ 
to the ocean and world ; all abOiut is grand mouritain 
and marine scener}^ Tourists to this locality should 
not fail to cruise in that rare inland sea, the San 
Juan Archipelago, with its many bold and forest-clad 
islands, which face the strait and shelter from Pacific 
winds innumerable deep coves, placid bays, and pic- 
turesque channels, among 

" Bright hills that wind in smiling waves away; 
Green valleys melting mto vapors gray; 
And banks and brooks that by their music earn 
Fair coin of sweetbriars and plumes of fern." 

Thrown over all is a sky divinely mild and blue, 
and the climate is one to charm a misanthrope. 

90 




TJfTiifniJnaTTifTWiT^^ Br.Bw:UrMis *InUt3li 




npHE Puget Sound region contains the largest 
and finest fo:r:ests of fir and cedar trees in the 
'*"'' ■ ' world. Fir is noted for 
its strength, flexibility, 
lightness, tenacity, 
El^^-""- and evenness of 
^r'fib-re, nail-holding qual- 
_. ^ '^-W^'x itfes, and freedom from knots 
aiid'Tlefects, and is in demand among 
ship and bridge builders all over 
the earth. Ceciar is the shingle 
material of the country, it not being sub- 
ject^o wet or dry rot, and never warps. There are 
over 250 shingle mills at work on Puget Sound from 
Blaine, the most northwesterly town in the Union, 
to Olympia, at the very head of the sea. Both firs 
and cedars grow to a great height and thickness. 
Lumber was shipped last year to thirty different for- 
eign countries. 

" Whulge " is the Siwash or Chinook Indian name for the splendid combi- 
nation of waters bearing the title of Puget Sound, so called in honor of Peter 
Puget, Captain Vancouver's third lieutenant, who explored the shores of the 
winding sea, measured its depths, saw the towering peaks of Baker and 
Ranier, and dreamed in those summer days of 1792 that he had entered the 
river which connected the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The way to the 
Atlantic was not one of water ; it came a hundred years later in man-made 
ways of steel. 

92 





BLAINE, WASHINGTON. -THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF THE UNION. 




^^ .A LASKA is the Rus- 
sian America of the 
, old geographies. Its 
NvXpurchase by our coun- 
try was the largest 
real - estate deal on 
record. It was thought 
to be a bad bargain, 
but commissions paid 
our Government by a 
sealing company already 
exceed the"^^*^?tirchase price. Its chief crops were 
believed to be icebergs, polar bears, and seals, but 
it has proven to be prodigally rich in minerals, 
furs, and fish. To the tourist, sight-seeker, and 
scientist, however, it is a wonderland. The trip 
among its picturesque islands and placid seas, 
with nightless days, in sight of marvelous 
glaciers, icy fields, and the loftiest mountains 
in America, with queer people and life, is said by 
travelers to be a protracted marine picnic, all 
the way from Puget Sound to Sitka. The Great 
Northern Railway sells round-trip tickets for this 

fascinating American journey. 

94 




ALASKAN SCENES— FORT WRANGEL— JUNEAU MUIR GLACIER. 



( 



3az972 



